Siminar to Criminal Justice paper 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Siminar to Criminal Justice paper 4 - Essay Example 2). The multifactor approach used by Glueck and Glueck (1950, as cited in Wright, Tibbetts, & Daigle, 2008) is influential in modern criminology that applies scientific methodology. This approach stresses the point that the tendency to commit crime and violence develops through time (Glueck & Glueck, 1950, as cited in Wright, Tibbetts, & Daigle, 2008). In the cohort longitudinal studies made by Farrington and West (1990), Shannon (1982) and Racine (1949), the same trend emerged with only a minority of the subjects being responsible for committing a majority of the crimes, thus reflecting a career from crime (Wright, Tibbetts, & Daigle, 2008). A criminal career approach studies the stages of offending for a period of time (Blumstein et al., 1986, as cited in Wright, Tibbetts, & Daigle, 2008) which typically spans for a short period (beginning at adolescence and ending at early adulthood) (Blumstein, Cohen, & Farrington, 1988, as cited in Wright, Tibbetts, & Daigle, 2008). Based from t he studies, criminal behavior is not stable through time. There is an onset period that begins during the teenage years. The behavior escalates and later dwindles in early adulthood.

The perception as a heart of art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The perception as a heart of art - Essay Example This research will be required philosophy of art and aesthetics inside artwork as well as the scholastic discussion, which relate with visual perception, cognitive science and cognitive psychology outside artwork, and some experiments composed of ongoing low-relief canvas work and others, which can provide diverse features of surface. Through this methodology, It will be questioned what is the position of artwork and medium as a visual signifying process and how this 'documental surface' can be reflected into the two-dimensional artwork. Art has been a focal point for a variety of cultures since the history of time. It is an expression of how a race or a group of people perceive themselves in relation with the world around them. In this context, an important premise remains the fact that art is born from within and from influences that come from the outside. This paper is based on the fact that western culture has had an immense influence on the way art is perceived. A bench in a park well reveals the relation between simple visual response and recognition. Although this is actually made of stone, with a texture, color, pattern and other characteristics of real wood, it can be perceived as a wooden chair. Therefore, in some points of view, perceiving something as a wooden is taking the 'documental surface' 1 connected to internal value of wood. This pattern of accepting process converted with visual and perceptible feature generally and flexibly at the same time. Similarly, they indicate how artworks have been applying to the limitation, which has similarity between making and recognizing artwork. Recently noticeable thing is that certain interactional participation is distinguishing in this kind of visual specialty. These positions can be exemplified by the following premises. Conventionalizing information such as image, event and phenomena visually is natural formulation, and it appears characteristic connected to the conventional process and method. Additionally, these information are accepted by diverse medium which can observe something instead of direct eye and can be explained better by 'external characteristics' 2 of media itself. Lastly, these two features- conventionalization of information and surface feature of media compositely participate in making artwork and conversely interact as well. Background of Study It is said that the way something is built has a large bearing on how it is perceived. In the case of art, the use of mass media has accentuated the play of technology to the extent that the very way that an art form is conceptualised depends on the factors that are a part of the culture surrounding it. Since 1985, the play of mass media has begun on a note that has created the scope to create art beyond what has been seen in the conventional sense. The rise of technology has been accentuated by the west. Technology has come from the west and is associated with the west. Thus, an important premise here is that most of world sees western culture as an amalgamation of technology along with an ethic that is associated with the same. (Brown, 2005; P 2 - 6) Communication forms in the form of electronic, print and other media has had a major role in

Analysis Of Rayleigh Step Bearings Biology Essay

Analysis Of Rayleigh Step Bearings Biology Essay According to importance and application of slider bearings in industries, investigation and analysis of this type of bearings are significant and inevitable issue. A widely used bearing type is the slider bearings with application in many cases such as different types of engines, compressors, turbines, electric motors and electric generators. To ensure that no contact occurs between the opposing surfaces, the dimensions of the bearing surface are chosen, such that a lubricant film of sufficient thickness is available under all operating conditions. The classical theory of hydrodynamic lubrication assumes that the inertia forces in the fluid film are negligible. For large bearings using low kinematic viscosity lubricant or for high speed, the inertia forces could be important. So the inertia terms should be entered in the calculations. This increases the accuracy of obtained responses and closes them to reliable results. Rayleigh bearing is designed in 1918 by Lord Rayleigh. He was first person who considered the concept of optimization design in lubrication applications and obtained an optimum design for an infinite-length stepped bearing by the use of a variation technique (Lord Rayleigh, 1918). Since then, there have been some studies on the characteristics of step bearings. Dowson (1962) introduced the generalized Reynolds equation, which allows for cross-film temperature variations. Then, this equation solved with realistic THD boundary conditions by Ezzat and Rohde (1973) using the finite difference method. Boncompain, et al. (1986) improved the numerical model by considering reverse flow, fluid-film rupture and elastic deformations (THD solution). Auloge et al. (1983) studied the optimum design of Rayleigh step bearing and determined the relationships between step location and height along with non-Newtonian lubricants. The same method was used by Fillon and Khonsari (1996) in tracing design c harts for tilting-pad journal bearings. Jianming and Gaobing (1989) have presented the optimum design of one-dimensional Rayleigh step bearing with non-Newtonian lubricants. Tello (2003) has theoretically studied the regularity of the solution to the Reynolds equation in Rayleigh step type bearings for both compressible and incompressible fluids by employing a rigorous mathematical approach. Besides, there are many research works in which the well known Reynolds equation was solved by different numerical schemes in predicting the lubricant pressure field in step bearings (Hideki, 2005; Dobrica and Fillon, 2005). Rahmani et al. (2009) comprehensively studied the Rayleigh step slider bearing including the effect of variations of pressure at the boundaries on the optimum parameters. The bearing is also optimized considering the lubricant flow rate, friction force and friction coefficient. In all of the above studies, the Reynolds equation was solve as the governing equation for calculation of lubricant pressure distribution in bearing lubricant flow. This equation is a simplified form of the momentum equation by neglection of fluid inertia terms. It is clear that under the condition of low lubricant viscosity and high runner surface velocity, this equation may lead to unreliable results. In the present study which a numeric one, the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes and energy equations are solved by CFD method with considering the variation of lubricant viscosity with temperature. By this technique the THD characteristics of Rayleigh slider bearings running under different steady conditions are explored. 2. PROBLEM DESCRIPTION The schematic and coordinate system of Rayleigh slider bearing is shown in Fig. 1. The bottom wall of the step bearing moves with constant velocity U (runner velocity). The sudden change in film thickness generates a hydrodynamic pressure field that supports an applied load W. At the inlet section, the oil film is entered at 40oC with combination of Poiseuille and Couette flows. The total length of the bearing is and the film thicknesses before and after the step location are and , respectively. D:payanameThermohydrodynamic with subroutin.mesh moteghayerPLOTSgeometryasli.wmf Fig. 1: Sketch of problem geometry Two important geometrical factors in step bearings are (1) (2) In these explanations, and represents the bearing length ratio and the bearing height ratio, respectively, which are two important bearing geometrical factors. 3. THEORY 3.1. Governing equations For lubricant flow in bearings, the governing equations which are written for a two-dimensional, steady, incompressible, laminar and variable viscosity flow consist of the continuity, Navier-Stokes and energy equations. These equations in non-dimensional forms can be written as: (3) (4) (5) (6) Where and represent the dimensionless viscous source terms: (7) (8) And is the dimensionless viscous dissipation term: (9) Also the dimensionless oil viscosity based on Vogel equation can be calculated as follows: (10) In this expression, is the temperature-viscosity coefficient of the lubricant. The value of can is determined using two given viscosity values at and as follows (Khonsari and Booser, 2008): (11) In equations 3 to 9, the following non-dimensional groups are used: (12) In these definitions, is the thermal diffusivity of the lubricant and is the inlet lubricant viscosity. The main physical quantities of interest in lubrication study are the load capacity and friction force that can be computed using the lubricant velocity and temperature fields. The load capacity of the step bearing per unit width is obtained by further integration of lubricant pressure distribution on the runner surface as follows: (13) The friction force of the step bearing per unit width is calculated by the shear stress on the bottom wall as follows: (14) Where: (15) 3.2. Boundary conditions The entire domain is fully flooded, such that oil pressure at the inlet and outlet sections of the bearing is set to zero atmospheric gauge pressure. Also the no-slip condition is employed on all boundary solid walls. At the inlet section, oil enters into bearing with uniform temperature of and a specified velocity distribution which is a combination of the poiseulle and cuette flows whose pressure gradient is determined by numerical solution of the Reynolds equation. At the outlet section, zero axial gradients for all dependent variables are employed. Finally, the adiabatic condition is imposed on all of the bearing solid surfaces. 4. SOLUTION PROCEDURE Finite difference forms of the continuity, momentum and energy equations were obtained by integrating over an elemental cell volume with staggered control volumes for the x- and y- velocity components. Other variables of interest were computed at the grid nodes. The nondimensionalized governing equations were discretized by using the hybrid scheme and numerically solved by the SIMPLE algorithm of Patankar and Spalding (Patankar and Spalding, 1972). Numerical solutions were obtained iteratively by the line-by-line method progressing in axial direction. The iterations were terminated when the sum of the absolute residuals was less than for each equation. Numerical calculations were performed by writing a computer program in FORTRAN. mesh asli11 Fig. 2: A schematic of grid generation As shown in figure 2, the computational domain is divided into three blocks, each having Nx points in x-direction and Ny points in y-direction. The mesh is non-uniform in x- and y- directions, because the grid refinement around the step is necessary to capture the occurrence of the recirculation and other flow changes due to the sudden change in geometry. As the result of grid tests for obtaining the grid-independent solutions, an optimum grid is determined in grid study. Five different numbers of grid size inside the total rectangular computational domain including the blocked-off region with their related numerical results are listed in Table 1. According to this grid study, an optimum grid of 640120 is used in all of the subsequent test cases. Table 1: Grid independent study, Grid size Bearing friction force (KN/m) Bearing load capacity (KN/m) 45080 0.231 16.45 540110 0.217 17.17 590110 0.231 17.48 640120 0.239 17.51 680140 0.241 17.52 5. VALIDATION OF NUMERICAL RESULTS To test the validity of the present numerical results, computations were carried out for a test case and the computed results were compared with the theoretical findings by other investigators. The lubricant pressure distribution on the bottom wall and the temperature distribution on the top wall of the Hideki bearing (Hideki, 2005) are shown in Figs. 3 and 4, respectively. D:payanameThermohydrodynamic with subroutin.mesh moteghayervalidation with Ogata(temprature)Plot validation with OgataCJS.wmf Fig. 3: Lubricant pressure distribution on the bottom wall of the Hideki bearing (Hideki, 2005), The generated hydrodynamic pressure by the sudden contraction in flow domain is clearly seen in Fig. 3, such that at the entrance of narrow gap of the bearing, the maximum lubricant pressure occurs, and at the inlet and outlet sections, lubricant flow in at atmospheric pressure (zero gauge pressure). D:payanameThermohydrodynamic with subroutin.mesh moteghayervalidation with Ogata(temprature)Plot validation with OgataCJS temp.wmf Fig. 4: Temperature distribution on the top wall of the Hideki bearing (Hideki, 2005), Fig. 4 shows that the lubricant temperature increases along the flow direction because of the viscous dissipation in both domains upstream and downstream of the step. Such that, the rate of temperature increase in upstream region to the step is very greater than that is in downstream domain. It is due to this fact that the viscous dissipation in lubricant flow with small film thickness is high in comparison to lubricant flow with large film thickness. However, good consistencies are observed between the present numerical results with theoretical findings by Hideki (Hideki, 2005) about computations of both lubricant pressure and temperature distributions. 6. RESULT AND DISCUSSION In this research work, the THD characteristics of Rayleigh step bearings are obtained by numerical solution of the Navier-Stocks and energy equations using the CFD technique. An attempt is made for obtaining the effects of important parameters including the runner surface velocity, bearing length ratio and bearing height ratio on thermal and hydrodynamic behaviors of Rayleigh step bearings. All of the subsequent figures are about a Rayleigh step bearing whose properties and geometrical parameters are given in Table 2. Table 2: Bearing parameters and lubricant properties Parameters Units Values in present work b m 0.08-0.12 h1  µm 480 U m/s 10-30 Tin 40 Ï  860 Cp 2000 Kf 0.13  µ at 40 C 0.03  µ at 100 C 0.0045 0.28-0.98 1.2-2.5 First the oil flow pattern inside the bearing is shown in figure 5 by plotting the fluid velocity vectors. The adverse pressure gradient in the upstream flow domain before the step location which leads to hydrodynamic pressure generation causes a concave shape for velocity distribution. Such that the velocity distribution changes to convex shape after the step where there is a favorable pressure gradient. Behind the step surface near to the stationary wall, a circulated flow domain happens which is due to the effects of both viscous friction and positive pressure gradient in this region. As another result that can be seen from Fig. 5, one can notice to almost stationary flow region in block 1 (see Fig. 2). Therefore, the lubricant average velocity across blocks 2 and 3 remains approximately constant. C:UserszahraDesktopUntitled.png Fig. 5: Velocity vectors in step bearing lubricant flow, In Fig. 6, the lubricant pressure distributions along the bottom wall at five different values for the runner surface velocity are shown. It is seen that the velocity of moving surface has considerable effect on the value of generate hydrodynamic lubricant pressure, such that oil pressure has an increase trend by increase in velocity under a unique pattern. D:payanameThermohydrodynamic with subroutin.mesh moteghayerPLOTScompare of PKcompare of speed runner.pkspeed runner.wmf Fig. 6: Effect of runner surface velocity on lubricant pressure distribution along the bottom wall, A similar study is done for investigating the effect of runner velocity on thermal behaviour of step bearing in Fig. 7. It is seen in this figure that bearings with high runner surface velocity operate under high temperature condition. Besides, it is depicted in Fig. 7 that in both domains before and after the step, lubricant temperature increases along the flow direction because of the viscous dissipation. Also, it is seen that the oil temperature at the outlet section is affected strongly by the runner velocity, such that the bearings with high velocity have high temperature lubricant flow at their outlet sections. D:payanameThermohydrodynamic with subroutin.mesh moteghayerPLOTScompare of TPcompare speed of runner.TpTshaftTshaft.wmf Fig. 7: Effect of runner surface velocity on lubricant temperature distribution along the bottom wall, D:payanameThermohydrodynamic with subroutin.mesh moteghayerPLOTScompare of PKcompare of epsilonepsilon.wmf Fig. 8: Effect of bearing length ratio on lubricant pressure distribution along the runner surface, The lubricant pressure distributions along the runner surface at four different values of the bearing length ratios are illustrated in Fig. 8. It is evident that the location of maximum pressure moves toward the downstream side by increasing in bearing length ratio, because the step location moves toward this sense when increases. Besides, it can be found from Fig. 8 that there is an optimum value for bearing length ratio to obtain the most value for lubricant maximum hydrodynamic pressure. It is depicted in Fig. 8 that this value for bearing length ratio in this test case is. Therefore, is an important parameter in step bearings that has great effects on lubricant pressure and consequently in bearing load capacity. The effect of bearing length ratio of thermal behavior of step bearing is studied in Fig. 9 by plotting the lubricant temperature distributions on the runner surface for bearings with different length ratios. This figure shows that the effect of on temperature distribution is less than its effect of the hydrodynamic lubricant pressure. However, this figure depicts that bearings with length ratio greater that run cooler than the bearings with small less than. D:payanameThermohydrodynamic with subroutin.mesh moteghayerPLOTScompare of TPcompare of epsilonCompare Tshaft of epsilonTshaft.wmf Fig. 9: Effect of bearing length ration on lubricant temperature distribution along the runner surface, The variations of lubricant maximum pressure and temperature with bearing length ratio are presented in Fig. 10. This figure reveals the same trends for THD characteristics of step bearing those have been shown in the previous figures. D:payanameThermohydrodynamic with subroutin.mesh moteghayerPLOTSplot Epsilon moteghayer(W.F.eta.etam)compare of ep.P.T.wmf Fig. 10: Variations of lubricant maximum pressure and lubricant maximum temperature with bearing length ratio, In order to study more about the effect of bearing length ratio on THD characteristics of step bearings, the variations of bearing load capacity and friction force with are plotted in Fig. 11. This figure presents that there is a maximum value for load capacity that takes place at =0.718. Besides, it is revealed from Fig. 11 that in bearings with high length ratio, low friction force exists in comparison to bearings with small values for . D:payanameThermohydrodynamic with subroutin.mesh moteghayerPLOTSplot Epsilon moteghayer(W.F.eta.etam)compare of ep.w.f.wmf Fig. 11: Variations of load capacity and friction force with bearing length ratio, Similar study is also done for investigating the effect of bearing height ratio on THD characteristics of step bearings by plotting the lubricant pressure and temperature distributions and also the variations of load capacity and friction force with various values of the parameter . According to Figs. 12 and 13, it is revealed that the values of lubricant pressure and temperature increase by increasing in bearing height ratio. D:payanameThermohydrodynamic with subroutin.mesh moteghayerPLOTScompare of PKcompare of ksiksi.wmf Fig. 12: Effect of bearing height ratio on lubricant pressure distribution along the runner surface, D:payanameThermohydrodynamic with subroutin.mesh moteghayerPLOTScompare of TPcompare of ksiCompare Tshaft of kesiTshaft.wmf Fig. 13: Effect of bearing height ration on lubricant temperature distribution along the runner surface, This behavior is also presented by Fig. 14 in which the variations of maximum lubricant pressure and temperature are plotted with bearing height ratio. It is seen that both and have increasing trends with increase in the value of , such that the rate of increase in maximum temperature is greater than that is in maximum pressure. D:payanameThermohydrodynamic with subroutin.mesh moteghayerPLOTSplot Kesi moteghayer(W.F.eta.etam)compare of ksi.P.T.wmf Fig. 14: Variations of lubricant maximum pressure and lubricant maximum temperature with bearing height ratio, Fig. 15 shows a similar trend for bearing load capacity and friction force with the variation of height ratio. Such that it is seen in this figure that both load capacity and friction force increase with increasing in bearing height ratio. D:payanameThermohydrodynamic with subroutin.mesh moteghayerPLOTSplot Kesi moteghayer(W.F.eta.etam)compare of ksi.W.F.wmf Fig. 15: Variations of load capacity and friction force with bearing height ratio, In the following figures, an attempt is made to verify the influences of bearing length, b, on the THD characteristics of step bearings. D:payanameThermohydrodynamic with subroutin.mesh moteghayerPLOTScompare of PKcompare of length bearingcpmpare b.wmf Fig. 16: Effect of bearing length on lubricant pressure distribution along the bottom wall, D:payanameThermohydrodynamic with subroutin.mesh moteghayerPLOTSplot Lenght moteghayer(W.F.eta.etam)TshaftTshaft.wmf Fig. 17: Effect of bearing length on lubricant temperature distribution along the bottom wall, It is seen from Figs. 16 to 19 that in long bearings, the values of lubricant pressure and temperature and consequently the amounts of maximum pressure and temperature are high that leads to have high bearing load capacity and bearing friction force. D:payanameThermohydrodynamic with subroutin.mesh moteghayerPLOTSplot Lenght moteghayer(W.F.eta.etam)compare of length.p,T.without point.wmf Fig. 18: Variations of lubricant maximum pressure and lubricant maximum temperature with bearing length, D:payanameThermohydrodynamic with subroutin.mesh moteghayerPLOTSplot Lenght moteghayer(W.F.eta.etam)compare of length.w,f.without point.wmf Fig. 19: Variations of load capacity and friction force with bearing length, 7. CONCLUSION This paper deals a numerical study for investigating the THD characteristics of Rayleigh step bearings running under different steady conditions. The set of governing equations consisting of the Navier-Stokes and energy equations is solved by the CFD technique and the variation of lubricant viscosity with temperature is also considered into account. This mathematical model and numerical method lead to more accurate numerical results in comparison to those obtained before by other investigation with numerical solution of the Reynolds equation that neglects the fluid inertia terms. It is found that the thermal and hydrodynamic behaviors of step bearing are affected considerably by the runner surface velocity and the bearing geometrical factors. Nomenclature B bearing length dimensionless velocity components upstream bearing length load capacity of bearing downstream bearing length horizontal and vertical coordinates Cp heat capacity dimensionless coordinates friction force of bearing upstream film thickness Greek symbols downstream film thickness friction coefficient step height modified friction coefficient Kf thermal conductivity dynamic viscosity width of bearing dimensionless dynamic viscosity origin of coordinate  µ1 dynamic viscosity at pressure  µ2 dynamic viscosity at pressure at the inlet kinematic viscosity pressure at the outlet density dimensionless pressure shear stress Pr Prandtl number Pe Peclet number Subscripts Re Reynolds number fluid Temperature inlet Tin inlet temperature maximum dimensionless temperature surface runner velocity velocity components

Cloning: An Option for Endangered Species Conservation Essay -- Biolog

Cloning: An Option for Endangered Species Conservation Review of the Literature Geneticists know that the technology of cloning lies in the palm of their hands, and its use on domestic animals and now endangered species has already proven successful (â€Å"Endangered Species†; Fields-Meyer and Seaman;Holt et al.; Lanza et al.; Trivedi). The question I ask now is this: Will cloning be used in the conservation of endangered species? This very question has sparked debate between the scientific community and many conservationists. Contrary to the values set forth by many conservationist groups, my research suggests that the cloning of endangered species is, in fact, a viable option in their preservation and repopulation. Most of the sources I have used in my research have supported the idea of using cloning to rebuild animal populations or at least obtain viable DNA from endangered animals. The prominent scientists Betsy Dresser, Robert Lanza, and Philip Damiani of the Advanced Cell Technology laboratories in Worcester, Massachusetts, expressed their optimism about cloning endangered species in the article "Cloning Noah's Ark." Dresser and Lanza were also quoted in several online news sources I used as well. They conclude that "Biotechnology might offer the best way to keep some endangered species from disappearing from the planet" (Lanza et al). As my research suggests, cloning endangered species will surely have its benefits in keeping these populations alive, an option which conservationists cannot deny. These scientists I have mentioned do not ignore opposition to their scientific claims from conservationists skeptical of the uses of cloning and leery that it usage will deter humans from restoring natural habita... ...://www.reproduction-online.org.silk.library.umass.edu:2048/cgiLcQntent/ full/127/3/317>. Lanza, Robert P., Betsy L. Dresser, and Philip Damiani. "Cloning Noah's Ark." Scientific American 283 (2000). Academic Search Premier. 22 Oct. 2005 &db=aph&an=3664004>. Ryder, Oliver A. "Cloning advances and challenges for conservation." Trends in Biotechnology 20.6 (June 2002): 231. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. DuBois Library, Amherst, MA. 22 October 2005 rect=true&db=aph&AN=7799659&site=ehost-live>. Trivedi, Bijal P. "Scientists Clone First Endangered Species: A Wild Sheep." National Geographic News. 29 Oct. 2001.14 Oct. 2005 1/10/1025 TV sheepclone.htm>.

Explain How Practices That Support Equaity and Inclusion Reduce

Amanda Hopwood Cache Level 2 in Diploma in Children’s Care, Learning and Development Pin/Enrolment Number – 30169038 ULN – 6939676189 Assessor – Jennifer Hughes Assurer – Helen Tweddle SHC 21 Introduction to equality & inclusion in health, social care or children 7 young people settings 1. 1 –Explain what is meant by: Diversity – means is to understand that each child/young person is individual, unique and different i. e. , it could be the differences in race, heritage, customs, beliefs, physical appearance, mental capability.Diversity should be valued and respected as each person are completely different to any other person, even in the examples I have stated above. We need diversity as is gives us different views and opinions. We must value our diversity so we can work together to live a happy life. Equality – means to give all children/young person equal opportunities to achieve their best in the setting. Each child is differ ent so you have to respect that. Some children might need support. You can do this by planning ahead to achieve all aspects of learning and development for all children irrespective of disability, heritage etc.It's about getting the balance between each child. Inclusion – means to ensure all embodies such as children and their families have the right support regardless of their ability to take part in a range of activities in the setting. Inclusion is the process of making this happen. to do this in the setting you must take away all barriers and give each person a warm and welcoming attitude whilst in setting. Discrimination – means a child/young person is treated differently because of their membership such as race, colour, gender, religion, ancestry, origin, disabilities.It involves excluding or restricting child/young person in a membership from opportunities that are available to other children/young person. Children may experience discrimination because of their colour, culture/religion, impairments, gender, race, size because they are disabled or have special educational needs. Children who are discriminated may feel undervalued and may lose confidence. They may find others will have a low expectations of what they can achieve. Others might assume they cannot do an activity as they can't cope.

Characterization and Irony in Pride and Prejudice Essay

Characterization and Irony in Pride and Prejudice Like all true literary classics, Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen is still capable of engaging us, both emotionally and intellectually (Twayne back flap) through its characters and themes. This essay illustrates how Jane Austen uses the characterization of the major characters and irony to portray the theme of societal frailties and vices because of a flawed humanity. Austen writes about the appearance vs. the reality of the characters, the disinclination to believe other characters, the desire to judge others, and the tendency to take people on first impressions. The main female protagonist, Elizabeth Bennet, like many in society, appears perfect, but is in fact†¦show more content†¦In this particular novel it almost cost a lifetime friend. Society is made up of the individuals in it, and since no individual is perfect for instance Elizabeth, society is flawed. Also, Elizabeths perception of Mr. Wickham is incorrect (Molar 25). She thinks he is, and he does appear to be, a perfect gentleman on the outside because of the way he portrays himself, but really, he is one of the most flawed characters in the novel. Elizabeth is completely taken in by the almost transparent duplicity (Moler 25) of Mr. Wickham, especially when he speaks. A thorough, determined dislike of me, a dislike which I cannot but attribute in some measure to jealousy. Had the late Mr. Darcy liked me less, his son might have borne with me better; but his fatherÕs uncommon attachment to me, irritated him I believe very early in life. He had not a temper to bear the sort of competition in which we stood, the son of preference which was often given me (Austen 72), Mr. Wickham speaks with eloquence and Elizabeth takes it for face value, and believes everything he says. If what he says is true, problems do not arise, but what he says is false and is in fact hurtful to another man, Mr. Darcy. 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During the Victorian age, menRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen1399 Words   |  6 PagesPride and Prejudice The novel Pride and Prejudice written by Jane Austen is a satirical depiction of the social life and atmosphere of eighteenth and nineteenth century England, which at the time was predominantly concerned with the courtship customs of the English gentry. The novel, through Austen’s ironic and subtle writing style, is far more than just a romantic comedy, since it skillfully addresses and combines the political, economic, philosophical and feminist themes of its periodRead MoreDue To The Allure Of Star-Crossed Romance, Intelligent1133 Words   |  5 Pagespro quo, and illustrious balls, the novel, Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, has established a name for itself amongst brainy, female youths and underappreciated wives as merely a â€Å"Mom’s Romance Novel.† But contrary to popular belief, Austen’s novel not only tackles issues on public perceptions and the impacts of inbred prejudice, but it also reinforces that idea right away, with evidence of it living in the often overlooked title, â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† itself. Although, who could forget the HollywoodRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen3080 Words   |  13 Pagesneighboring village of the Bennets’ with his sister and best friend, Mr. Darcy. Jane Austen explores the themes of pride and prejudice in the novel Pride and Prejudice, when the proud Mr. Darcy meets the prejudice Elizabeth Bennet. The dislike Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy have for each other is apparent in the beginning of the novel and seems to grow for Elizabeth as she sees the amount of pride Mr. Darcy has for himself. These two undergo many complications between themselves and with others around them

Sociocultural Theory Essay - 1633 Words

Within each culture and community there are different standards of beauty. These standards of beauty shape the way individuals see the world, others around them, and themselves. Though some beauty standards, such as physical appearance have been sustained. Through the lens of sociocultural theory, I will analyze how body dysmorphia has influenced three generations of women within my family. To aide my analysis, I will define and employ terms such as sociocultural theory, body image, and body dysmorphia to connect my family’s historical roots to body image and how it relates to their current perceptions and behaviors. Finally, I will utilize my grandmother’s, mother’s, and sister’s personal accounts of how body image was communicated to†¦show more content†¦This disorder affects men and women equally, and though the causes are not clearly understood, are thought to involve neurobiological and psychosocial factors. Psychological causes include oneà ¢â‚¬â„¢s experience with body image messaging, making impressionable children and adolescents susceptible. Along with the powerful influence of a person’s family origin, such as children whose parents are obsessed with dieting, appearance, or are highly critical of others or their children’s looks. In this paper, I am focusing on the women within my family: my grandmother, my mother and my sister. Body image issues are independent of gender, but the topic seems to be more openly discussed amongst women, which is how I know it has personally effected all the women in my family. Their personal accounts from interviews conducted by myself reflect how body image was communicated to them as children, and show that message shaped their experience and values now. My Grandmother Dona Vivian Morris, who my family affectionately refers to as Mammie, is the matriarch of my mother’s family. When asked about her body image as an adolescent she said that she has always seen herself as overweight, partially because she grew up with four sisters whose slim body types did not resemble hers. Mammie remembers her mother would often disapproveShow MoreRelatedThe Sociocultural Theory Essay1710 Words   |  7 Pages The sociocultural theory was developed by a theorist named Lev Vygotsky. Vygotsky was born in 1896 and was from the former Soviet Union. He was a psychologist who had an abundance of ideas and put them into many theories and writings. Although Vygotsky died from tuberculosis at the young age of thirty-eight, his most prominent work was done in a short period of ten years. When he died in 1934, the Soviet Union held most of his work and it was not until about 1960 that his work was translated intoRead MoreSociocultural Learning Theory Ess ay701 Words   |  3 Pagesthe Sociocultural Learning Theory. His quote that â€Å"through others we become ourselves† could be the quintessence of the Sociocultural Learning Theory, which supports that learning is a social process†. This article consists of three main sections: a brief overview of sociocultural approaches; an examination of sociocultural method; and an overview of sociocultural contributions to research and applications to classroom learning and teaching. It explains the differences between sociocultural theoriesRead MoreEssay on The Sociocultural Theory and I 1950 Words   |  8 PagesI could not be more wrong, especially if my actions are based on the sociocultural theory. This theory stresses how the interaction between people and the culture in which they live affect their thought process. This paper will describe and explain the theoretical aspect of the theory such as its major contributors, focus and explanation of how individuals behave, think and express their emotion under the social cultural theory. It will then conclude with an attempt to determine if my personalRead MoreEssay Sociocultural Theory: Lev Vygotsky1112 Words   |  5 PagesLev Vygotsky was a Russian psychologist, bo rn November 17, 1896, who had a wide range of interests that included the cognitive and language development of children. Vygotsky’s theories are somewhat incomplete due to his death at the young age of 38 from tuberculosis. Vygotsky faced many struggles in life that he was able to overcome, such as being a young Jewish boy who grew up in a time where the Russian District limited the number of Jews who were allowed to be educated at a University levelRead MoreEssay on The Use of Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory in Education1944 Words   |  8 Pagesuntil he was a junior in high school when Vygotsky had his first experience with public schools. Vygotsky was always an exceptional student who enjoyed spending his free time writing. By the time Vygotsky turned 18, he wrote and published his first essay entitled â€Å"Hamlet†. Although he had a love for philosophy, history, and literature, in 1913 Vygotsky enrolled at the University of Moscow as a medical studen t. It didn’t take long for him to realize the medical field wasn’t his calling, so he transferredRead MoreSociocultural Theory in Early Childhood Development Essay849 Words   |  4 PagesSociocultural is defined as relating to, or involving a combination of social (relating to human society) and cultural (taste in art and manners that are favored by a social group) factors.† (Socialcultural , 2010) You might ask why we are defining these words. It gives a better understanding of Vygotsky beliefs â€Å"that children seek out adults for interaction, beginning at birth, and that development occurs through these interactions.† (Morrison, 2009 sec 14.6) I agree that his theory is the bestRead MoreSociocultural Theory And Second Language Learning902 Words   |  4 PagesSociocultural Theory and Second Language Learning â€Å"Language is the most pervasive and powerful cultural artefact that humans possess to mediate their connection to the world, to each other, and to themselves† [Lantolf Thorne 2006:201]. The idea of mediation inherent in this notion of the language is a fundamental element of Sociocultural Theory [SCT], one of the most influential approach to learning and mental development since 1990s’, drawing on its origin from the work of soviet psychologistRead MoreSociocultural Approaches And The Construction Of Knowledge1650 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Sociocultural approaches emphasize the interdependence and individual processes in the construction of knowledge†.(John-Steiner,V and Mahn,H 1996).The real understanding of constructivism is only paying much attention on the learners’ previous experience and background knowledge .It maintains that individuals create or construct their own new understandings or knowledge through the interaction of what they alre ady believe and the ideas,events,and activities with which they come into contact.(FacultyRead MorePsychological Perspectives On Mental Health Disorders1728 Words   |  7 Pagesof the psychological perspectives are very different while others are similar and seem to overlap, it is important to note that there isn’t simply one correct perspective and that each of the perspectives has their strengths and weaknesses. In this essay I am going to look into the different psychological perspectives and how they offer us an understanding on behaviours that have an influence over our health I will however be primarily be focusing on mental health disorders. Although psychologicalRead MoreEssay on The Value of Play1370 Words   |  6 PagesThere are numerous theories of play and countless theorists, from Freud and Spencer to Piaget and Vygotsky, who have studied play in relation to what it is and what it does for the child. This essay will outline the definition and value of play an d the importance of how it can foster the child’s learning in regards to these theorists who studied the effects in great detail. It will discuss the how the environments constructed by educators can impact play and the theories of learning relating to the