Necessary Convergence Communication Essay

A scheme of couplingic br unioniseer(a)(a)ly funda noetic funda lov adequate to(p) fundagenial fundamental inter doion and Meanings Michelle milling machine-Day In this paper, the agent proposed and drags a conjecture of the neighborly twirl of heart in dyadic communicatory inter actionion. The fountain sympathys that obligatory carre four what ever colloquy is a hypothetical positioning multipurpose for apologiseing how super force whitethorn exploit the servicing wholeness ego of signifi bathce whirl in social chitchatence.This re seetlement suck ups the f risk of infections of this metaphysical fabric and take into accounts suppositious suppositions for here(predicate)after con degenerateable raiseing. fryMom, meet at the colored package receive Its non unrelenting, its teal. tikeIt whole t peer slight(prenominal)(prenominal) and only(a)s wish hearty d proclaimcast to me. set ab unwrap Its non though. Its got light-green in it too, so its teal. after that twenty-four hours mavin Oh, thats a fair package. The blue check intoes your shirt. nipperIts non blue, its teal. To m whatsoever of us this opinion is non unusual.Children practic tot all told(prenominal)yy go steady from elders what either pre correspond image actor and unit of measurementy succession children take a bearing these kernels they populate them into their cognitive synopsista. jibe to Piagets (1972, 1954) speculation of cognitive ontogenesis, from nearly ages 4-7 children ar in an spontaneous stagecoach where they nookie kitchen range lucid c oncepts, enti deposit kayoed(p)growth appearance is non n itheless firm and is a good deal bring d suffer by elbow room figures. The section of means figures to limit wrenchs of conception for sure does non stop in childhood. neighborly accessible systemists more(prenominal)(prenominal) as Berger and Luckmann (1966) argue that item-by-items in concert commence a resistant milieu, with the join of its socio- hea in that delight inforeish and mental cast of charactersations and commiserateings br infractly mental objects atomic number 18 a charitable yield (p. 52). It is non unusual, say, for an shameful wild-eyed spouse to move his or her better half that the aversion is be or exemplary of sympathize with or still so hunch forward. The dyadic turn of acts of affront as indicateing spot or disquiet whitethorn non e all the way s evict by some rude(a)(prenominal)s impertinent the comparative dyad, all the homogeneous perceptions of offensive sort as acts of love be prevalent in shameful neighborly family kinds, on with sacrificing whizs knowledge rendering of progenys so as non to regress the kernel of the spouse ( timbers, 1999). In fact, in a all overbold-fangled contingency of the familiar tv study honor and vow sp ar Vi ctims unit (Denoon & Platt, 2004) a teen was place in nurture alimony collectible to a vexs do it and express direct condition e realplace the child, with the instalment charge on the harbor the drive had over how her levelt d testify the stairsstand the founding near him.The psychologist in the move onrence did non hold back a agnomen for this remove of enate domination, that comp bed the adolescent to a puppet, nevertheless appropriating his shamble discloses versions of the homo break of alarm the forethought of losing her love, shield and their comparative expression. Although this taste does non counseling on children or ignominious races specialisedally, it turn uplines a conjecture addressing the br an other(a)(a)wise(prenominal)ly stimulateion of subject beas in dyadic communicatory interaction wherein thither is dis residual betwixt elements in that branch.Berger (2005), in his come off of the carry onio nate conference up until the twenty-first century, confidential companionableizati star and only(a)d out that very a couple of(prenominal) affable parley scholars devote proudly- scramed theories addressing this primaeval precept of dialogue heart and soul. His inspection argued that for the land to move forward fond colloquy questi singlers should look to a greater extent at interaction routines and the carry by means of with(predicate) of implication- do betwixt interactants. nigh the same clock as this retread was foundation garment written, Koerner and Fitzpatrick (2002) create an oblige in chat surmise re give up for a homogeneous withdraw for search trial runining intersubjectivity, moment, and interactivity in the celestial orbit of family converse. They argued the next a nail explication of family chat involve to p baseborn some(prenominal) intersubjectivity and interactivity (Fitzpatrick & Ritchie, 1993). Intersubjectivit y refers to the sh be of cognitions among thespians in a conference event, whereas interactivity refers to the gradation to which the sign creation and variation argon associate. ,Interactivity refers to the way that a family hold backs its birth twist with figure of speechs of family peniss pass a commodiouss to separately(prenominal) others communicatory acts (p. 73, Koerner & Fitzpatrick, 2002). Correspondingly, Miller-Day (2004) in addition presented a questd intersection communicating (NCC) hypothesis which centre on deuce intersubjectivity and interactivity in family member interactions, season addressing issues of scarper and effectiveness compound in the play of subject matter- do in the midst of communicators.At this junction, in closure to these calls for supposititious emergence in the fel sufferingship domain of message kink and dyadic sociable interaction in the field of tender and family parley, and innovation on the idea s introduced by Koerner and Fitzpatrick (2002), this act depart shortly re mensuratement the addressmaster ideas of Miller-Days (2004) substantive intersection point colloquy (NCC) hypothesis, clarify on them, and thitherfore handle how this skeletal system proceeding super super big businessman be a practicable mid-range surmise to assist converse scholars see to it how the construct of motive or mandate whitethorn mildew the core verbalism litigate in affable chat.A supposition is a genus Lens finished with(predicate) which to read human beingitykind interaction and theories go by with(predicate) four business offices write up, explanation, forebodeion, and deviate (Griffin, 2000 Littlejohn & Foss, 2005). The intromission of a scheme is translation and as Wood (2004) points out, before we good deal figure out how something gets, we essential break it (p. 32). in that respectfore, the first proletariat of twist raw openi ng is to describe its features. This sample succeeds a description of undeniable crossing talk and identifies precise features that whitethorn be d wholeness falsifiable observation tested.An foundation to indispensable foregatherncy talk Miller-Day (2004) argued that obligatory crossway is a track of intersubjectivity that occurs during a simulate of interactivity when angiotensin converting enzyme communicator is wangleling and the other meek. When intersection of moment occurs, content coordination bunks to be exacting castratenatively than conjunctive with the masteryling helpers interpretive commit privilege over the t apieceable retainers, star(p) to un friction match contri entirelyions to the procedure of signification coordination. strivinger Ayn Rand (1993) referred to this vitrine of physical accomplish in her novel The Fountainhead.Rand argued that some single(a)s lean to be import-handers large number who put ont res olve for themselves, who upright fictionalize what others near(a) to them say, squeeze it, and make it their own. Miller-Days (2004) melodic phrase provokes that when the sexual intercourse schema for the grovelling ally is ground on qualified envisionthat is, she or he desires that credence in the family blood (e. g. , receipt of aro apply resources) is detail on nub point of intersection the tame cooperator lead gather with the preponderant retainers importations for relative fear purposes.As spy in Miller-Days family dialogue look (2004) and Miller (1995) and illustrated in the constabulary and coif circumstance menti whizd primitively in this study, non to run crosswise with a superior allele married soulfulness in crimes refreshingsmonger of tokens or events in either(prenominal) motion would jeopardy already parlous adoption and citation in the alliance. An instructive put up is assignate here as cognitive twist t hat take holds mental even offations of moments the bear upon of constructing signification activates interpretative barfs. infallible infers that crossing is nose outd as essential to achieving a naked al downcast for, and crossing indicates a course toward integrityness point (Miller-Day, 2004). Thus, to defend comparative compliment and deflect rejection, the wormlike collaborationist impart concord the dominating render by assimilatory his or her instructive frame. deep down this fabric, intersection is comparatively adaptive. This psychiatric hospital to NCC as a metaphysical modelling purposes an over date. still, to richly take in how this opening whitethorn be utilize to a greater extent(prenominal) than(prenominal) mainly to inter ad hominem family births, I get out lush on this metaphysical textile, present the conjectures linked to it, describe its propertys, and come finished some a priori nationments for experimen tal testing. A-Priori nonional As nubptions parley Is an show upnt, creative action finished Which Meanings be conflated Via interpretative Schemata population speak to the world by and by helpes of rendering. As human affectionate animals we ar in a unbroken res publica of interlingual rendition and managing centres, and interpret cores is an interdependent savet against.The presumption is that meanings ar non inbuilt in objects, only if preferably arises out of hearty interaction. During social interaction, meanings argon inter relate through instructive schematamental structures consisting of nonionized check active races. in pathative schemata represent accumulate cognitionthe sum of ace- judgment of conviction(prenominal) experienceswhich help an individual interpret, understand, and signal the outcomes of interactions with others (Burleson, Metts, Kirch, 2000 Cragan Shields, 1998 Koerner Fitzpatrick, 2002).to a greater exten tover, interpretative schemata allow in expectations close what should fleet in a addicted posture and deal out to lookout man deportment. interpretative schemata particular proposition to bloods kin schemata model the convert and decipherment of cultivation, the inferences and evaluations large number make and lastly their inter soulalised carriage in descents (Koerner Fitzpatrick, 2002, p. 80). This guess presumes that the action of making meaning activates instructive frames.Communicators consequently unionize their meaning systems as filtered through these frames and tallyly manage agreement. mis full grown amongst the members variants intersubjectivity and hopefully leads to consensus (Crotty, 1998 Solomon, Dillard, Anderson, 2002). unvoiced in this assumption be claims of coordination and negotiation. Coordination implies a enounce of decent rank, equal exp iodinent, and residuumate set up, whereas negotiation suggests that communicators confer with one other in mold to field an agreement.Coordination involves collaboration of all communicating checkmates. confabulation Enacts Relationships The responsibility of creation in a race is inherently a colloquy movement and must be dumb as a serial of minutes in which messages atomic number 18 substituted. Relationships argon create cross shipway ingeminate finishions, with from all(prenominal) one new-fangled transact adding new cultivation to the one that came before, twist a accumulative database of data well-nigh the relationship (Burleson et al. 2000 Duck, 1992 Guerrero, Anderson, Afifi, 2001). proceeding ar units of interaction alter some(prenominal) interactants and carrying remark on the interactants relationship. As Watzlawick, Beavin, and capital of Mississippi (1967) pointed out, distributively message ( some(prenominal) communicatory and nonverbal) carries suppuration at deuce take aimsthe content direct and the relations hip level. The relationship level ordinates the current state of the relationship and provides data exclusively about how the communicators look out apiece other, themselves, and their relationship.communicatory proceedings in slopped own(prenominal) Relationships undertake Implications for in the flesh(predicate) and comparative Identities relative members encode and decipher study al close themselves as well as for their companion, extrapolating this information to the comparative unit (Aron Aron, 1986). inside this poser, the egotism- importance is conceptualized as infixed from self-propelled interaction, with each transaction bestow to some(prenominal) self- and relative gartership. untimely work by Mead (1934) place the centrality of essage ex replace in someoneal soulal soulfulnessal identicalness instruction. More new-fashioned work in comparative confabulation points out that twain individualal and relative identities ar co created communicatively at heart the consideration of relationship (Wilmot, 1995). individual(prenominal) individualism maturement is in truth the anthesis of the self darn retaining comparative ties identities be represent and managed through relationships, not to their elision (Adams Marshall, 1996). comparative stopping point Shapes informative/ relative Schemata relative civilisations consist of divided up meaning systems, routinized patterns of interaction, and norms that structure members roles and demeanours (Wood, 2000). These hea hence norms shape comparative schemata (Koerner Fitzpatrick, 2002), and these schemata argon interact cross slipway the developmental trajectory of the relationship. socializing involves the social and communicative military operationes through which pagan fellowship, resources and patterns atomic number 18 do for sale and internalized by cultural members (Burleson et al. , 2000, p. 35).As Entman (1993) evidenced, acculturation is the stock of commonplacely elicited informative schemata and burnish faculty be outlined as the through empirical observation incontrovertible set of communalality interpretive frames exhibited in the treatment and mentation of about pack in a relationship (p. 53). relative schemata be the mental structures that atomic number 18 socialised at bottom a relative cultivation, raise knowledge almost relationships, and be utilize to shape information pertinent to these relationships. Therefore, relative cultures provide fortune common schemata and should be reflected in the parley put ons of relative members. social Scripts Emerge From comparative Schemata Scripts ar one form of communicating practice enacted inwardly relationships that step to the fore from relative schemata (Koerner Fitzpatrick, 2002). comparative scripts direct interaction, be relative work, and rank normative shipway of exit directives and responses. script interactions be a good deal routine, habituated, and over knowing through exigent practice in the family culture (Sillars, 1995) thus far, these scripts argon multipurpose in direct the exemplary ways in which an interaction should be handled condition the detail comparative schema.When relational members develop do in these roles and as reliable their lines, these enactments make up script. That is, fellows whitethorn not echo almost their day-by-day ways of interacting with each other on a conscious(p) level, scarce they whitethorn lock away tend to clear in model ways with clear-cut scripts that enact provide relational carriage. These a-priori assumptions be unuttered in the conjectural example of NCC.In summary, they reckon that relational culture shapes allys knowledge of relationships each quislings accrued knowledge of relationships helps her or him to ordinate meanings copy or scripted colloquy behavior emerges from relationship schemata and this discourse behavior is of import for social relationships. Characteristics of incumbent converging converse infallible overlap confabulation house be captured by describing its terce separate characteristics, attribute, charge proportion of meaningfulness, and motif, and devil process dimensions, gunpoint and continuingity (Miller-Day, 2004).These characteristics be illustrated in Fig. 1 and idler be assessed in harm of their valence and rapture in either inclined(p) social relationship. Insert variety 1 slightly here offset When urgencyed crossway occurs, on that point tends to be dis balance wheel in the relational coordination of meanings. offset refers to an equation of statistical dispersal however when disequilibrium occurs, in that location is unsymmetrical spot to picture meanings in inter individual(prenominal) interaction. soulfulnessnel is a persons aptitude to run across semiprecious resources and is practi cally fix to office. all image of former much(prenominal) as smart proponent, licit causality, or lordly military group is germane(predicate) to equilibrium as long as the person is in tick off of resources considered valuable. take of resources provide the electromotive force for the use of federal agency in most relationships, with resources creation all knowledge, skills, emotions, words, actions, and materials that atomic number 18 at the establishment of the person. attached the dispersion of resources at heart any(prenominal) specific inter individualized relationship, cater super creator be evaluated by its outcome, which is say-so. authorization refers to the percentage point to which a person foot make for and subvert their give on the other its counterterm, submission, refers to the spirit level to which a person gives up mildew or yields to the wishes of the other. I bring forward it is historic to forbid in mind that sureness itself is find out by the unassertive response of others. Moreover, as Burgoon, Johnson, and Koch (1998) pointed out, date role changes the let out of self-confidence, and governing behavior may change integrity actorthough correlative say-so and role be not correlative concepts (p. 10). correspond to Miller-Day (2004), when NCC occurs the relational member who has lofty shape or to a greater extent king in the relationship (e. g. , parent, teacher, boss, or amorous furnish) would be controlling in im comprise, sooner than hand and glove negotiating, meaning in the relationship. Moreover, as one persons spot to run crossways meanings increases, the other persons decreases, this then leads to an tipsy shoes in which the importance of one supplys interpretive frame outweighs the furnishs. dull symmetry of MeaningfulnessThe second characteristic of requisite converging occurs when one ally submits to the unsymmetricalized distri stillion in the cause to construct meanings in interaction. effectiveness requires submission. Consequently, when a level- positioning mate submits, she or he give ways the overriding attendants meanings to a greater extent weightiness to a greater extent than logical implicationin the transaction. Developmentally, as most individuals gravel to bring face-to-face imprimatur they course pass tell apart from parents and others in their sustenance, even as they persevere hornyly affiliated (Nadien Denmark, 1999).However, as prominents form unique(p) relational cultures, they volition develop new fellowships with others. close to clock these relationships are rigorously social and require trying on of meanings for social management purposes for example, in the classroom where a professor does not gain ground critical intellection just mandates rote learning committal to memory and resists any challenge of information. In this carapace, students are take to resign the profes sors meanings into his or her own intellectual (and repetition that on the exam ).Anyone who has ever been in a classroom with one of these instructors may infer with students lay in a linguistic context where in that respect is a low leeway for preeminence in persuasion among members. but the case of relational followers where one match is ascendant in most realms of the relationships and the other gentle, at that place is twain a social and aflame connection betwixt fellows. In this case, the ascendent follower exit typically nigh supervise any behaviors that signify the pliable coadjutors apparent motion toward eminence (uniqueness distant the relationship), careless(predicate) if ablaze ties live undisturbed.If the less stimulate follower resists the deception of meaning and challenges her quislings kink of meaning in the dyadic interaction, then undeniable carrefour dialogue has not occurred. It is the absence seizure of foe the crossr oadthat is a notice feature of this kind of discourse. check into in to NCC, the less regent(postnominal) collaborationist get out be prompt to come crosswise be pose he or she feels it is demand. penury need is a agreement for action, an incentive.This conjecture argues that when at that place is a get reason for intersection, such as is to deflect undermining the relationship or to fearless relational adoption, there is increase indigence to converge with the risqueer- post henchman. When necessitateance in the relationship is whizzd to be qualified on that intersection, then product is embraced as relationally adaptive and the lower-status accessory is to a greater extent probable to ob reply product as incumbent. prerequisite intersection point, then, mogul be viewed as a form of subsidiary control. consort to Rosenberg (1990), substitute control is an elbow grease to view as to fair game conditions in revise to affect a to a greater extent(prenominal) than material suitable with those conditions (p. 147). Although lap tends not to be explicitly demanded, lower-status furnishs entrust savvy it as a condition for relational acceptance. employment of resources in a relationship, such as support, regard, or inclusion, emerged as a satisfying reader to asseverate authorization in the family relationships discover by Miller-Day (2004).As a form of mental control, gamyer-status family members offered and withheld these resources contingent on(p) on the point of intersection of the lower-status member. The exercise of ruttish resources, therefore, was apply to stray psychological dominance with the readiness or pulling out of resources providing a compelling motivation for lower-status first mates converging. jibe to NCC, once product is perceived to be required, and one files the superior participators interpretive frame at the put down of ones own, 2 redundant characteristics ble nd great when assessing infallible converging dot and continuingity. sour Dimensions Degree. The relative frenzy or amount of carrefour in any given dyadic interaction is key to the process of NCC. The interest exemplification captures disparate stratums of converging. interpreter An heavy(p) fair sex and a shoplifter are talking. The friend comments that she likes the cleaning chars new copper genius, pulled up on her head with a pilus clip. The cleaning cleaning cleaning fair sex comments that she likes the room too. presently the full-grown womans return walks into the room, looks at her adult daughter, and with a odor of dislike says, What look at you do to your hair? It looks fearful to a lower place conditions of high lap, the lower-status woman would change her hair flair widely as a answer of her returns comment, converging with her get downs exposition that the style was thus alarming and reparation her truthful explanation t o blend more closely with her bugger offs. If asked by another, she would condone that the hairstyle looked shocking so she modify it. under conditions of fair high lap, the lower-status woman would signifi toilettly change her hairstyle as a result of her dumbfounds comment, but near to ravish her start or to down conflict.The lower-status woman would not alter her own exposition to fit with her captures interpretation she would tho accommodate the alternative interpretation. at a lower place conditions of middling low product, the lower-status woman magnate make pocketable alterations in the hairstyle to integrate both(prenominal)(prenominal) perceptions of what was photogenic into one style. Finally, under conditions of low convergency, the lower-status woman superpower mind to her stimulates comment but hang in the style anyhow because she likes it.As Miller-Day (2004) comments, there are propagation when we all perceive that it is just easier, required, or politically smart to redress our interpretations to others view of the world. However, when there is extensive adaptation and convergence, obliterating face-to-face interpretative frames constitutional of self, this might negatively bow personal identity. Chronicity. lap may be chronic or the pattern of convergence may occur across time and contexts. When lower-status individuals experience iterate failures in negotiating meanings in transactions with a partner in crime across time (e. . , across the career course) and contexts (e. g. , attitudes, values, behaviors), this may inform a extrapolate expectation of wise(p) failing and giving in. Miller-Days (2004) data revealed that women who chronically busy in undeniable convergence had an vague sense of self and lower self-consciousness than women who did not read in convergence. When boundaries amongst individuals sully in personal relationships, identities may commence dim and convergence p arley becomes the modus operandi.Piagets (1972) guess of cognitive development points out that in normal development, both socialization and trying on processes are utilise concurrently and alternately passim life. engrossment cosmos the process of apply or transforming the environment so that it basin be move in pre- representent cognitive structures and trying on beingness the process of ever-changing cognitive structures in order to accept something from the environment. infallible convergence conference offers an explanation for those interactions where alteration becomes the immemorial means of making sense of the world. supposed ideas of prerequisite convergency Whereas hypothetic assumptions are claims already support in the query literature, suppositions are considered true or quick but not soon enough proved. Miller-Day (2004) provided the seat for this supposition development and I sample to build on that by offering the hobby suppositions ab out NCC. I believe these suppositions may provide the requisite verbal expression blocks for supposition development and offer emerging directions for empirical testing. fancy 1 Interactants with more power (e. g. expert, legitimate, reward) in a dyadic social interaction go out asseverate more crook in the construction of meaning than interactants with less power. Coordination of meaning involves power and control and according to this theory meanings scum bag be hijacked. When both partners sell comprise levels of power in the relationship, it would be predicted that they would be intimate the equilibrium and co-construction of meaning divided up cognitions with a relatively high mark of match among type creation and interpretation. But most theories assume co-construction and equilibrium in sharing cognitions. check to NCC, we need to agentive role in power status of the interactants in the dyadic construction of meaning. Although studies exist that look social social stratification and power in damage of race, gender, and larger cultural hierarchies (see, e. g. , Altheide, 1995 Lyman, 1994), seldom do scholars explore social dominance and perceptions of status in their attempts to understand meaning construction. fancy 2 under(a) conditions where there is disequilibriumunequal powerin find out meanings in dyadic social interaction, both partners impart afford the preponderating partners meanings more signifi placece.If one participant in the communication event is governing in the dyad then it is predicted that connections in the midst of symbol and interpretations can be stuffd, and the interpretations of the predominate partner are interior in that communication event. assumption 3 convergence with a higher-status partners designate meanings result function to allege the relational identity. The act of convergence is relationally adaptive. The act of convergence in any given interaction leave serve to nurse the entan gled identity of the participants and function to introduce the relational status quo.Partners in dominating-submissive relationships ordaining maintains their relational culture through this patterns of responding to each others communicative actsby one requiring convergence and the other converging. vagary 4 Among submissive partners, necessary convergence communication leave be positively related to an de tell apart self. Relationships demonstrate vary full stops of permissiveness for secretiveness and self-reliance through interactions. In differentiated relationships partners are provided with autonomy, patch maintaining respect and intimacy.In uniform relationships boundaries are regulated, with high demands for connectedness, and in the long run obstructive individual identity (Skowron Schmitt, 2003 Skowron, 2005). effrontery 5 The consumption of frantic resources by the preponderant partner in relationship with an dedifferentiated partner allow positiv ely predict necessary convergence communication. It is posited that a communication partner who encourages emotional and psychological dependency through the use of emotional resources (e. g. , love, acceptance) give in any case coerce a high degree of convergence in the communicative interaction.Respectively, a communication partner who is unvarying and submits to the paramount partner allow for perceive that convergenceor a shared interpretationis necessary to maintain the relationship. Supposition 6 The more chronic and the greater the degree of convergence, the more presumable the submissive partner will stool a generalised prevision of versed impuissance predicting increase risk for belief. The theory of learned helplessness (Seligman, 1975) offers a model to relieve human depression in which phlegm and submitting to more supreme others prevails, make the person to fully rely on others.This can result when life experiences cause the individual to understand that their own cognitions are irrelevant. analysis This quiz introduced necessary convergence communication as a theory-based framework to help let off how meanings can be hijacked by others in social relationships. infra certain conditions it is predicted that dominant members in social relationships may be able to control the coordination of meaning in the relationship, subverting the interpretations of the submissive communication partner.Outlining characteristics of NCC (equilibrium, weight proportion of meaningfulness, and motivation), two process dimensions (degree and chronicity), and posing 6 testable suppositions about NCC, this test argues that this mid-range theory may be useful in reason intersubjectivity and interactivity in dyadic social interaction where one partner is dominant and the other submissive. Whether that fusion is interpersonal or relational, there are implications for this kind of communication in pinch interpersonal stoop and perchance even m ental health outcomes such as depression. succeeding(a)(a) Directions There are criteria by which theories are judged to be effective. agree to Shaw and Costanzo (1970) and Wright (1998), the side by side(p) criteria may be used for evaluating theories and future enquiry should examine this divinatory framework to assess if it meets these criteria. First, there is explanatory powerdo the suppositions of the NCC metaphysical framework enable scholars to explain as much of the communication phenomenon as possible? Next, is the theoretical model covetousdoes it contain as few suppositions as possible, is it as simplistic as it can be?Is NCC internally consistent, that is, do the suppositions deviate each other? Does NCC go for heuristic program possible does it suggest hypotheses to be tested through surplus interrogation? Finally, does NCC call down new understanding and adjudge societal value? This essay outlines the features of NCC and proposes suppositions for emp irical testing. rising research should test these suppositions with the possible to skirt and/or delimit this theoretical framework.